Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or within an ovary. They are common, and most are benign. Many functional cysts form during a normal menstrual cycle and disappear without treatment.

Not every ovarian cyst affects fertility. Its impact depends on the type, size, location, symptoms, and whether one or both ovaries are involved.

Some cysts may be more relevant to fertility:

• Endometriomas are associated with endometriosis and may affect ovarian function.

• Large or persistent cysts may interfere with ovulation or require further assessment.

• Ovarian surgery can sometimes affect ovarian reserve, so fertility goals should be discussed before treatment.

Ovarian cysts are different from PCOS. In PCOS, the “cysts” seen on ultrasound are usually multiple small follicles rather than true ovarian cysts.

Ultrasound findings, symptoms, menstrual history, and fertility testing can help determine whether a cyst may affect conception.

If you are trying to conceive and have been diagnosed with an ovarian cyst, an individualized assessment can help clarify your next steps.