Both can cause painful periods and pelvic pain, but they affect different locations.

Adenomyosis

• Tissue like the uterine lining is found within the muscular wall of the uterus.
• Often associated with heavy bleeding and painful periods.
• May cause pelvic pressure, bloating or an enlarged, tender uterus.

Endometriosis

• Tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, commonly on the ovaries or lining of the pelvis.
• May cause painful periods, pain during sex, or pain with bowel movements or urination.
• Can cause inflammation, scar tissue and ovarian cysts called endometriomas.

The conditions can occur together. Symptoms overlap, and some people have few or no symptoms.

How are they assessed?
Your medical history, examination and ultrasound can help guide assessment. MRI may be useful in selected cases. A normal scan does not rule out endometriosis; laparoscopy may sometimes be recommended.

Treatment depends on your symptoms, findings and pregnancy goals. If you are trying to conceive, discuss this before choosing treatment.

Persistent period pain, heavy bleeding or difficulty conceiving deserves assessment by a healthcare professional.